Production and Sensing of Butyrate in a Probiotic E. coli Strain

The short-chain fatty acid butyrate plays critical roles in human gut health, affecting immunomodulation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, while also serving as the preferred carbon source for colon cells. In this work, we have engineered a model probiotic organism, E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN, serotype O6:K5:H1), to produce butyrate from genomic loci up to approximately 1 g/L (11 mM). Then, for real-time monitoring of butyrate production in cultures, we developed a high-throughput biosensor that responds to intracellular butyrate concentrations, with green fluorescent protein as the reporter. This work provides a foundation for studies of butyrate for therapeutic applications.