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▪ Abstract Since Leibovich's comprehensive review of Langmuir circulation in 1983 there have been substantial advances in modeling (notably the construction of Large Eddy Simulation models) and in observations using novel techniques that together have led to a radical change in understanding the phenomena. It is now regarded as one of the several turbulent processes driven by wind and waves in the upper layers of large bodies of water, influential in producing and maintaining the uniform surface mixed layer and in driving dispersion.
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S. A. Thorpe (2004) studied this question.
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