Composite Silicon Nanowire Anodes for Secondary Lithium-Ion Cells

A composite anode with active materials including 15% (w/w) silicon nanowires and graphite is demonstrated for use in secondary lithium-ion cells. The electrochemical behavior of the composite anode including voltammetry and charge/discharge capacities over the first is shown and compared with an equivalent graphite anode. Electrolessly etched nanowires swell in diameter upon lithiation and undergo reversible cycling without pulverization or agglomeration. Experimental results reveal high initial capacities (approximately ) near theoretical predictions and a reversible capacity of after with a capacity fade of approximately /cycle. Capacity loss mechanisms are considered in comparison with other silicon-containing anodes.