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Mixed N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/phosphine complexes of the type [RuCl( p -cymene)(bimy)(PPh 3 )]PF 6 (bimy = benzimidazolin-2-ylidene) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Complex 1 bearing the 1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene ligand is able to selectively catalyze both dehydrogenative amidation, mono-, and diamination ( N -alkylation) through coupling of simple alcohols with amines effectively yielding a range of amides and secondary and tertiary amines. Selectivity is achieved by controlling the fate of the common hemiaminal intermediate, which in turn can be simply influenced by the choice of base and solvent.
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Xie et al. (2015) studied this question.
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