Spectra of the copperlike ions Ru15+, Rh16+, Pd17+, Ag18+, Cd19+, In20+, and Sn21+ were observed with a laser-produced plasma and a 10.7-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. Wavelengths, energy levels, and ionization energies were determined for each of these ions. The wavelengths are compared with relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations.
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Reader et al. (1983) studied this question.
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