Vertically and horizontally polarized diffuse double-scatter cross sections of one-dimensional random rough surfaces that exhibit enhanced-backscatter–full-wave solutions

Full-wave solutions for the vertically and horizontally polarized diffuse single- and double-scatter cross sections of random rough surfaces are given in terms of multidimensional integral expressions. The one-dimensional random rough surface is characterized by joint probability-density functions for the surface heights and slopes, and we account for the correlations between the surface heights and slopes. The full-wave solutions are compared with experimental results. The sharp enhanced backscatter is due to the contributions associated with the quasi-antiparallel paths in the expression for the double-scatter cross section. We conduct a comprehensive parametric study to determine the dependence of the level and the angular width of the sharp enhanced backscatter on the rough-surface characteristics. The results for the diffuse double-scatter cross sections exhibit a distinct dependence on polarization. Full-wave, high-frequency approximations that are practically independent of polarization provide useful physical insights into the problem.