The Association of Metabolic Dysfunction and Mood Across Lifespan Interacts With the Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flow diagram of recruitment and study procedure.

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  Figure 2. Model of the metabolic dysfunction at baseline. χ(13)2 = 40.762; p < 0.001, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.981, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.958 and root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) = 0.048; p = 0.564. Standardized parameter estimates representing factor loadings are shown on paths. All coefficients are significant at p > 0.01 for the two-tailed test. To maintain presentation clarity, residual terms are not shown. BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HDL, high density lipoprotein; BP, blood pressure.

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  Figure 3. Association of metabolic dysfunction (and components) with GDS score controlled for age, gender, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Graphical representation of standardized coefficients (standardized beta) and respective confidence intervals for the independent variables used in the multiple regression linear models (A,C,E,G,I). Male gender, higher formal education (measured in school years), higher physical activity, and lower metabolic dysfunction score were significantly associated with a lower score in the GDS (A). Male gender, higher formal education, and higher physical activity were significantly associated with a lower score in the GDS (C,I). Male gender, higher formal education, higher physical activity, and lower glucose dysmetabolism score were significantly associated with a lower score in the GDS (E). Male gender, higher formal education (measured in school years), higher physical activity, and lower lipids imbalance score were significantly associated with a lower score in the GDS (G). Graphical representation (heat maps) of the variation of standardized coefficients (standardized beta) for the association between metabolic…

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  Figure 4. Global patterns of default mode network functional connectivity (t > 3.1667; p <0.001; df = 109).

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  Figure 5. Functional connectivity between a focal region of the right superior temporal gyrus and the other components of the DMN reflected GDS-obesity interaction. DMN regions presenting significant interactions of GDS x Obesity (A). Association of the GDS score with the FC of the right superior temporal gyrus across obesity score; colors represent standardized coefficients (β) (B).

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  Figure 6. Significant age x GDS x blood pressure interaction within the default mode network in the right supramarginal gyrus. Colors represent standardized coefficients (β). DMN regions presenting significant interactions of age x GDS x blood pressure (A). Association of the GDS score with the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus across age and blood pressure score; colors represent standardized coefficients (β) (B).