Wind velocity fluctuations have been recorded with a sonic anemometer over sea ice at a number of locations in the Arctic Ocean and in Robeson Channel and used to compute surface stresses and drag coefficients. The wind drag coefficient is found to correlate well with the rms elevation of the ice and snow surface at wavelengths shorter than 13 meters. A formula for the estimation of drag coefficients from surface profiles is given. The form drag of ridges can be of similar magnitude to the measured surface drag and should be allowed for. Gust factors are examined. Spectra and other turbulence parameters are found to be in agreement with other boundary layer turbulence measurements over ice, water, and land.
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Banke et al. (1973) studied this question.
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