Key result
Women consuming the most pro-inflammatory diet were at a significantly greater risk for breast cancer compared to those in the most anti-inflammatory category (RR 1.37).
Why the study?
Controversy remained regarding whether a pro-inflammatory diet is a risk factor for breast cancer, despite widely reported associations with the Dietary Inflammatory Index.
Does a pro-inflammatory diet increase the risk of breast cancer in women?
Meta-Analysis (n=312,885)
Does a pro-inflammatory diet increase the risk of breast cancer in women?
Relative Risk: 1.37 (95% CI 1.17–1.6)
p-value: p=<0.001
A pro-inflammatory diet, as assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, is independently associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in both pre- and post-menopausal women.
Pro-inflammatory diets were associated with elevated breast cancer risk across menopausal statuses; leaves open whether anti-inflammatory dietary changes reduce incidence.
The association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and breast cancer risk has been widely reported in recent years, but there is still controversy about whether a pro-inflammatory diet is a risk factor for breast cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the DII and breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library in January 2021 to identify articles reporting an association between the DII and breast cancer risk. A pooled analysis was conducted with 14 studies covering 312,885 participants. Overall, women in the most pro-inflammatory diet category were at greater risk for breast cancer than those in the most anti-inflammatory category (relative risk [RR]=1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.60, P<0.001). This association was strong in both pre-menopausal women (RR=1.87, 95% CI 1.17-2.99, P=0.001) and post-menopausal women (RR=1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.40, P<0.001). Thus, a strong and independent association was observed between a pro-inflammatory diet (assessed using the DII score) and breast cancer risk, irrespective of menopausal status. Further studies will be required to determine the relationship between a pro-inflammatory diet and different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Chen et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis in Breast cancer (n=312,885). Pro-inflammatory diet (highest DII category) vs. Anti-inflammatory diet (lowest DII category) was evaluated on Breast cancer risk (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.60, p=<0.001). Women consuming the most pro-inflammatory diet were at a significantly greater risk for breast cancer compared to those in the most anti-inflammatory category (RR 1.37).
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