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A clinical evaluation of the skin changes and injuries among refuse (waste) collectors in San Francisco was conducted in 1983. Almost 75% had palmar calluses--a result of repeated pressure and friction. Those workers who protected their hands with gloves had practically normal skin, with minor or absent calluses. The majority of waste collectors sustained work-related injuries each year. These consisted mainly of sprains, abrasions and lacerations, fractures, and eye injuries. Based on the injury rate, waste collection is a hazardous occupation. The skin is invariably traumatized.
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Gerald A. Gellin (1985) studied this question.
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