Why the study?
Despite advances in identifying traditional risk factors and implementing preventive strategies, the global burden of CVD remains high and is increasing in some regions.
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Design
Mini-review
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CVD burden remains high despite preventive advances; leaves open key research questions in atherosclerosis prevention.
Atherosclerosis is the principal pathological process underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death globally. Despite major advances in the identification of traditional risk factors and the implementation of preventive strategies, the burden of CVD remains high and, in some regions, continues to increase. This mini-review summarizes current challenges, highlights key open research questions, and discusses future directions in cardiovascular prevention. Particular emphasis is given on advances in risk prediction, residual cardiovascular risk, sex differences, and cardiovascular challenges in women, as well as lifestyle modifications toward population-based prevention.
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Kouvari et al. (2026) studied this question.
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