We have used triphenyldiamine side-group polymers as hole transport layers in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes using 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) as an emission layer. The device efficiency systematically increases as the ionization potential of the hole transport layer is shifted further from the work function of the indium–tin–oxide anode. We attribute this trend to better balance of hole and electron charges in the device. An optimized device consisting of a fluorinated version of the polymer as the hole transport layer, quinacridone doped Al as the emission layer, and a LiF/Al cathode results in a peak external luminous efficiency of 20 lm/W.
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Shaheen et al. (1999) studied this question.
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