Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Suspected Diphtheria Cases in the Governorate of Ibb, Yemen: A Six-Year Retrospective Analysis (2020-2025)

Objectives This analysis aimed to evaluate the overall epidemiological situation of diphtheria in Ibb Governorate over the six years (2020-2025). Methods This study is a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study designed to review the diphtheria cases recorded in the epidemiological surveillance database. The obtained data were analyzed. Results Of the 721 suspected diphtheria cases, the elevated burden was among females (470; 65.2%), 10–19 years old (202; 28.0%), in autumn (235; 32.6%), and those with an unknown history of vaccination (488; 67.7%). The cumulative incidence over six years was 21.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with the highest rates observed among females (27.0), the 20–29 age group (27.0), in 2023 (4.8), and in the Yarim district (106.6). Additionally, the overall case fatality rate (CFR) was recorded at 4.2% (30 cases), with higher cases among females (17), those <10 years (18), and those with an unknown history of vaccination (25). Conclusions The continued rise in diphtheria cases in the study area could pose a significant public health challenge, particularly given the fragile health system. Therefore, strengthening early detection, expanding vaccination coverage, improving healthcare services, and intensifying awareness campaigns are essential practical measures to control this epidemic.