The place of simultaneous pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling in new drug development: trends and perspectives*

The potential applications in drug development of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling are numerous: optimal medication regimen, design of galenic forms, identification of specific effects of metabolites and enantiomers. Nevertheless, this methodology is presently under-used, as appears from an analysis of the literature. We examine this point as well as progress in both non-invasive pharmacodynamic measurement and specific experimental design that could lead to a future extension of PK-PD in toxicology and phase I drug development.