Reciprocal regulation of cholesterol and beta amyloid at the subcellular level in Alzheimer’s disease

Since the discovery that apolipoprotein E, a cholesterol transport protein, is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) development, there has been a remarkable interest in understanding the many facets of the relationship between cholesterol and AD. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated the importance of cholesterol in amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) production and metabolism, as well as the involvement of Aβ in cholesterol homeostasis. The emerging picture is complex and still incomplete. This review discusses findings that indicate that a reciprocal regulation exists between Aβ and cholesterol at the subcellular level. The pathological impact of such regulation is highlighted.