The ground-state and finite-temperature properties of spin-aligned hydrogen and its isotopes (H{↑}, D{↑}, T{↑}) are studied theoretically. Calculations of the ground-state energy are presented for the Kolos-Wolniewicz (KW) potential and compared to those utilizing Lennard-Jones (LJ) and Morse potentials fit to the KW potential. Excellent agreement between the KW and LJ results is found; thus, permitting confirmation of previous predictions that H{↑} can never form a liquid phase. In addition, spin-aligned deuterium with one (D↑₁) and two (D↑₂) allowed nuclear spin states is also studied. Ground-state energies and relevant zero-temperature critical parameters are presented for these systems. Additionally, the quantum theorem of corresponding states is used along with the ground-state results to estimate the critical parameters of D↑₁ and D↑₂. Finally, the effect of quantum mechanics on the critical behavior of these systems is considered and it is concluded that such effects are not likely to be observable.
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Miller et al. (1977) studied this question.
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