An experiment to verify the second law of thermodynamics using a thermoelectric device is described. The response of the device when it is used as a Seeback-effect heat engine after filtering out the contributions of the associated irreversible parts is studied as a function of the temperatures of the hot and cold junctions. Likewise its response as a Peltier-effect heat pump is also investigated. The experimental results are in close agreement with the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics.
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Gupta et al. (1984) studied this question.