2-D dual finite-element formulations for the fast extraction of circuit parameters in VLSI

This paper presents two-dimensional dual finite-element formulations for the extraction of electric circuit parameters in very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits. The formulations use scalar or one-component vector potential variables and nodal elements. Necessary cuts or links are automatically generated to take into account nontrivial domain. The similarity between formulations of different problems as well as cuts and links is illustrated. All C, R, and L extractions can be performed with a unified field solver. Exploration of dual energy bounds provides fast and accurate circuit parameter results.