An investigation of the interaction of a jet of air impinging normally on a liquid surface has been carried out. The regimes of stable, oscillating, and dispersing indentions were established as a function of velocity and surface tension. For the stable region, energy and force balances were formulated. The force balance, when integrated, described the indention profile well and will have further use in predicting the point of onset of instability. A linear relationship between the square of the instability velocity and the surface tension and between the square of the critical dispersion velocity and the surface tension has been determined experimentally.
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Rosler et al. (1968) studied this question.
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