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In recent years, gender affirmation surgery has broadened significantly from its previous focus on genital conformation only to include other areas of the body as well. As society reconsiders its interpretations of masculinity, femininity, and gender definitions, transgender individuals have realized that they will only be able to truly transition if they are recognized by the public in their chosen societal role. The authors review the literature and describe their own techniques for feminizing thyroid chondroplasty and laryngoplasty.
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Hammond et al. (2019) studied this question.
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