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Undescended testis is one of the most common problems in children it affecting about 1% of boys especially at age of 1 years, however about 20% have a non-palpable testis as well as the later infertility. Laparoscopy has gradually become the gold standard for the treatment of non-palpable testicle with the different in success rate and complication.
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Massenga et al. (2023) studied this question.
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