Effect of nicorandil on QT dispersion in patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing elective angioplasty: A triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: Nicorandil leads to the relaxation of fine vascular smooth muscle, and thus causes vasodilatation of major epicardial. Also, it has anti-arrhythmic and cardio-protective effects by improving reperfusion, and ultimately leads to a reduction in microvascular damage caused by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicorandil on QT interval dispersion (QTd) in patients with stable angina pectoris during elective angioplasty. METHODS: This triple-blind and randomized clinical trial was performed on patients with stable angina pectoris, candidates for elective angiography referred to Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, between January and October 2016. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups receiving nicorandil (60 mg as 20 mg before and 40 mg after PCI) and placebo. All the patients underwent electrocardiography 12 hours before and 12 hours after PCI. The values of maximal corrected QT interval (QTc max) and QTd in these intervals, and the levels of changes in the QTd (QTd difference before angiography and after PCI) were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 18 software via Chi-square and Independent-samples t-test. RESULTS: This study was performed on 90 patients (55 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 58.6±10.8 years, on two groups of 45 people. The two groups were matched for age, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors and baseline testing. The QTd before angiography had no statistically significant difference between the patients of both groups (control: 77.7±17.1 vs. nicorandil: 80.7±14.2 ms; p=0.371). The QTd after PCI in the nicorandil group was lower than the control group (48.1±14.2 vs. 59.2±15.6 ms; p=0.000). The decrease rate in QTd had a statistically significant difference between the two groups (control: 18.9±11.0 vs. nicorandil: 33.5±9.5 ms; p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that oral administration of nicorandil around the PCI could further reduce QTd following PCI, compared to the control group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT2016120631159N1.