Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and biocontrol of Rumex - a review

Gastrophysa viridula (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an oligophagous herbivore which prefers consuming leaves of dock (Rumex spp.) species. Because of its feeding specialization this leaf beetle species is considered a potential biocontrol agent of dock plants. This paper reviews geographic distribution, development, life history, herbivory, and natural enemies of this species. Its potential use as a biocontrol agent will be then evaluated. G. viridula is an important part of the complex of Rumex tural enemies. Its herbivory decreases vigour of Rume plants but cannot cause their mortality alone. The effect of herbivory is enhanced by other biocontrol agents, particularly the rust Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) (Pucciniaceae). Combined effects of G. viridula and other biocontrol agents increase Rumex mortality and thus contribute to its natural control. Attempts at using G. viridula in control of Reynoutria spp. were still unsuccessful. G. viridula may also become a pest of several Polygonaceae crops.