A diamond X-ray phase retarder has been combined with a phase-sensitive detection method to improve the accuracy of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements. Fluctuation of the absorption coefficient of a magnetized sample was induced by photon-helicity switching at 40 Hz by flipping the phase retarder, and directly detected through a lock-in amplifier referring to the helicity-modulation frequency. This new technique for XMCD measurements was applied to the Fe K-edge in pure Fe foil. XMCD spectra of higher signal-to-noise ratio were obtained in shorter measuring time.
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Suzuki et al. (1998) studied this question.
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