The key features of excess noise are reviewed and the results illustrated using a confocal strip resonator example. The excess noise factor (or Petermann K factor) is shown to be a strong function of the effective Fresnel number of the resonator; for Fresnel numbers in the region of 50, peak values of K are greater than 104. The identity between the excess noise factor and the injected-wave excitation factor is demonstrated numerically, and both mathematical and physical interpretations of the high values offered.
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G.H.C. New (1995) studied this question.
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