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Infrared studies have shown that silica gel and H 2 PO 4 -1 ions are formed in fresh cement paste. Subsequently, during setting and hardening, H 2 PO 4 -1 ions further react to form covalent phosphates and are removed from the system. In an uncertified cement, H 2 PO 4 -1 ions were found in substantial amounts even in the set cement, which accounted for poor strength and durability.
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Wilson et al. (1968) studied this question.
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