Osteochondroses: Diseases of Growth Centers

In brief: The osteochondroses are developmental disorders of idiopathic etiology and self-limited progression. They usually are diagnosed in growing children and are associated with anatomic sites undergoing transition from cartilage to bone, either as primary or secondary centers of ossification. The osteochondroses are classified in four categories: articular (subchondral) or compression, articular (chondral) or dissecans, nonarticular or traction, and physeal or longitudinal growth. The extent of involvement is variable. Factors determining outcome include skeletal maturation of the patient, stage and extent of involvement, anatomic effect on skeletal and articular development, functional demands of the involved area, and recommendations for and compliance with treatment. Early recognition and treatment are critical to a good outcome.