Reduction of quantum fluctuation and suppression of the Gordon–Haus effect with phase-sensitive linear amplifiers

Compared with the use of phase-insensitive linear quantum amplifiers of the same gain G, the use of phase-sensitive linear amplifiers on phase coherent classical light sources in an amplifier-attenuator chain reduces the total quantum noise power by a factor of 4, the homodyne noise variance by 2, and the photon number variance by 2-8 and suppresses the Kerr effect linear phase fluctuation variance as well as the soliton timing-error variance by 2G(2).