Economic impact on tooth emergence

As shown in nearly 10,000 Negro and White boys and girls between 4.5 and 16.5 years of age, poverty‐level children (with an income‐to‐needs ratio of 1.0) tend to be delayed in permanent tooth emergence as compared with those approximating median per‐capita income. For boys, a per‐capita income difference of $2200 was associated with a 0.15 standard deviation difference in emergence timiing of 28 permanent teeth.