What does this research mean for the field?

The solid-to-liquid ratio during hydrothermal processing after KOH pre-fusion dictates the type of zeolite formed from kaolinite and bentonite, with higher ratios favoring N-zeolite (EDI type) and lower ratios favoring chabazite. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

Investigate and compare the hydrothermal crystallization of zeolites from kaolinite and bentonite following potassium hydroxide pre-fusion in distilled water and natural seawater.

August 28, 2026Applied Clay ScienceOpen Access

Synthesis of N-zeolite and chabazite from kaolinite and bentonite

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Investigate and compare the hydrothermal crystallization of zeolites from kaolinite and bentonite following potassium hydroxide pre-fusion in distilled water and natural seawater.
Treated standard kaolinite (KGa-1) and commercial bentonite (C-Bent-1) precursors via potassium hydroxide (KOH) pre-fusion followed by hydrothermal processing.
Tested solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratios progressively doubled from 0.1 to 1.7 using distilled water or natural seawater, alongside evaluating the effect of pre-reaction stirring.
High solid-to-liquid ratios of S/L = 0.8 and S/L = 1.7 yielded EDI-type N-zeolite across both raw clays and both water solutions in the absence of stirring.
An intermediate ratio of S/L = 0.4 favored EDI-type zeolite in kaolinite, whereas un-stirred conditions and seawater enhanced CHA-type chabazite as the primary phase in bentonite.
Low solid-to-liquid ratios of S/L = 0.1 and S/L = 0.2 controlled the predominant crystallization of chabazite alongside chabazite-merlinoite (CHA-MER) intergrowths.

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Implication

Experimental study reveals solid-to-liquid ratios dictate N-zeolite and chabazite crystallization from clay minerals, highlighting seawater utility in mineral synthesis.

Cite This Study

Belviso et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9145c5d15324a1df3a90ec https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2026.108379

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Implication

Experimental study reveals solid-to-liquid ratios dictate N-zeolite and chabazite crystallization from clay minerals, highlighting seawater utility in mineral synthesis.

Synthesis of N-zeolite and chabazite from kaolinite and bentonite

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Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Synthesis of N-zeolite and chabazite from kaolinite and bentonite

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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