The Status of Green Human Resource (GHRM) and the Effects on T&H SME’s Competitiveness: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review

The purpose of this study is to review green human resource management (GHRM) research in tourism and hospitality (T&H) literature and the effects of GHRM on SME’s competitiveness. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was used. Data were collected from 44 relevant articles identified in Scopus, Taylor and Francis, and Web of Science electronic databases. Most articles used quantitative methods and were conducted in developing countries. Based on nine coded categories, GHRM practices and the role of GHRM regarding employees, organizations, the external environment, the technology-based/Industry 4.0 perspective, and the circular economy were reviewed. This review helps highlight over-and under-researched themes within this study area and provides a detailed understanding of current topics and future research directions in the GHRM disciplines. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of GHRM practices on competitive advantage of SMEs in T&H.