Duplex DNA is bound by a “two-handed” fullerene (see picture) which allows it to be expressed in mammalian cells. The molecular design relies on the synergy of the hydrophobic fullerene core and the two spatially separated cationic residues. Upon complexation with the fullerene the plasmid (containing a green fluorescent protein reporter gene) is taken up by cultured cells through phagocytosis and expressed in up to 15 % of these cells.
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Nakamura et al. (2000) studied this question.
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