A Study of Cardiac Troponin I in ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and its Complications

Background and Objective: A flawless and prompt approach is required to manage patients with STEMI and its course especially its complications. Many studies earlier have suggested cardiac troponins like troponin I levels are elevated in STEMI and are directly proportional to prognosis of course of the disease. Present study was performed to study the prognostic and diagnostic significance of cardiac troponin I in ST elevation MI and its complications. It was also to study the quantitative correlation of cardiac troponin I with ST elevation MI and its complications. Methodology: Fifty cases were studied from November 2018 to May 2020. Cases diagnosed to have of ST elevation MI as per AHA/ESC/ACC guidelines within 6 hours onset of symptoms.All the patients were examined and investigated according the proforma.They received treatment as per AHA/ESC/ACC guidelines.During hospital stay, they were observed for predefined complications.Results: Among the fifty cases, mean age ± SD in the study group was 53.76±11.03yearsand ranged from 22 to 70 years.Male patients 36 (72%) outnumbered the female patients 14 (28%) and Male: Female ratio is 2.51: 1.Most common symptom was chest pain (100%) followed by sweating (34%) and pain radiating to arm (34%).Major risk factors were cigarette smoking (62%), Diabetes Mellitus (42%), hypertension (32%).AWMI was more common with 70% of patients and 30% were IWMI.Tenecteplase 30mg was most used as thrombolytic agent administered to 70%of patients.In these patients 92% of them had elevated Cardiac Troponin-I levels and8% had normal Troponin -I levels.Among these with elevated Troponin-I levels 44%of the patients experienced complications.Most common complications being arrhythmias 45.46% and next being the heart failure 40.9%. Mortality in the study is6%. Interpretation and Conclusion: Cardiac Troponin-I is a reliable diagnostic as well as prognostic indicator in patients with STEMI. The magnitude of Cardiac Troponin-I levels is directly proportional to myocardial damage and adverse course of STEMI including its complications and mortality.