Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
For the case in which laser radiation interacts with two levels of an atom, it is shown that there can be gain, even when there is no population inversion, because of recoil effects. The effect of recoil on certain precision measurements is also shown.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Helen K. Holt (1977) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: