Editorial: Clinical therapy of brain tumors

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technology such as intraoperative navigation, intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, intraoperative ultrasound and intraoperative fluorescence, which can assist the operator in effectively localizing lesion and extent of the tumor, can also increase the success of the operation. In addition, intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring techniques and intraoperative awakening technique can help the surgeon localize the important functional areas of the brain, which play a significent role in protecting the function of the important functional areas of the patient. surrounding normal tissues without loss of clinical efficacy [3]. Although the current evidence for proton radiotherapy in brain tumors is limited, it still shows good prospects for application [4] recurrent GBM [9], anti-PD-1 immunotherapy still showed efficiency in increasing GBM patient OS as neoadjuvant systemic therapy [10].Other forms of immunotherapy, including tumour vaccine therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy and oncolytic virus therapy, have also shown promise in the treatment of brain tumors. A dendritic cell vaccine called DCVax-L showed obvious efficacy in clinical trials against primary GBM, with a median OS of 23.1 months [11]. G47 ∆ , based on human herpes simplex virus, had markedly improved 1-year survival rate to 84.2%, and median OS to 20.2 months for residual or recurrent GBM patients [12]. In 2021, G47 ∆was approved for marketing in Japan for the treatment of residual or recurrent GBM. Acoording to these above results, the Society for Immunotherapy Of Cancer (SITC) published a consensus statement that immunotherapy can be used as a salvage treatment option for gliomas patients after conventional treatment, which required further optimization of combination therapy [13]. In the current research topics, Yujia Chen et al performed a literature review about the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy for chordoma. (https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1421418/fu ll)Tumor treating fields (TTF) is a new type of therapy applying physics that works by delivering low-intensity, medium-frequency alternating electric fields through a patch applied to the scalp. The fundamental mechanism by which TTF exerts its therapeutic effect involves anti-tumor cell mitosis, suppression of DNA damage repair, disruption of tumor cell migration, and potentiation of anti-tumor immune responses [14]. The versatility of this therapeutic modality renders it a promising candidate for concurrent utilization with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, and immunotherapy [15]. The results from a prospective, single-arm, phase I clinical trial demonstrated that the combination of TTFields and chemotherapy may offer survival benefits for recurrent GBM patients [16]. Moreover, TTF in combination with TMZ and pembrolizumab adjuvant therapy could improved the median OS of primary GBM patients to 24.8 months, with a two-year OS rate of 52.4% [17], which supported the safety and efficiency of TTF in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and thus requires further exploration. Currently, TTF has been recommended by the NCCN for combined administration with TMZ for primary GBM patients after surgery or radiotherapy, or alone for recurrent GBM patients [15].Recent advancements in surgical assistive technologies have led to significant progress in the field of neurosurgery. These technologies play a crucial role in protecting vital neurological functions, enabling neurosurgeons to more accurately determine the margin between tumor and normal brain tissue. Additionally, these technologies have also contributed to increasing the extent of brain tumor resection and, consequently, enhancing the prognosis for brain tumor patients. Radiotherapy constitutes a critical localized treatment modality for gliomas, playing a pivotal role in the management of inoperable cases and/or for local disease control. Continuous advancements in novel radiotherapy techniques have led to enhanced control of brain tumors while concurrently reducing adverse effects. Drug therapy, immunotherapy and TTF, emerged as critical tools in the control of brain tumors, have also demonstrated efficacy in the management of brain tumors. Consequently, the future holds more promising significant advancements in the treatment of brain tumors, which will further improve patient outcomes.