Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
This review of the peer-reviewed literature focuses on the effects of spaceflight on bone. Studies performed in humans and laboratory animals have revealed abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism that suggest that long-duration spaceflight will have detrimental effects on the skeleton. However, because of large gaps in our knowledge, it is not presently possible to estimate the magnitude of the health risk, individual variations in risk, effective countermeasures, or mechanism(s) of action. Specific recommendations are made for future research to ascertain risk and develop appropriate countermeasures.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Russell T. Turner (2000) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: