Key result
Extraskeletal origin, nuclear crowding, focal hemorrhages, and positive cytokeratin expression were significantly associated with an increased risk of lymphogenous metastasis in patients with Ewing sarcoma.
Why the study?
Lymphogenous metastasis in Ewing sarcoma is relatively rare and poorly studied, and no risk factors for lymphogenous metastasis had been reported.
Observational (n=88)
No
Cytokeratin expression, nuclear crowding, and focal hemorrhages are significant predictors of lymphogenous metastasis in Ewing sarcoma, supporting the role of mesenchymal-epithelial transition.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May inform nodal staging in Ewing sarcoma; leaves open prospective validation before practice change.
Background. Lymphogenous metastasis in Ewing sarcoma is a relatively rare and poorly studied event associated with aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Until now, no risk factors for lymphogenous metastasis in patients with Ewing sarcoma are reported. The purpose of the study was to evaluate tumor characteristics as predictors for lymphogenous metastasis and to create a mathematical model for assessing the risk of developing lymph node metastases in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Material and Methods. Clinical characteristics of the tumor were studied in 88 patients with Ewing sarcoma: in 8 patients with lymphogenous metastasis and in 80 patients having no lymphogenous metastasis. The primary tumor in all patients with lymphogenous metastasis was found to have an extraskeletal origin. Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor were studied in 31 patients with Ewing sarcoma: in 8 patients with lymphogenous metastasis and in 23 patients without lymphogenous metastasis. Results. Statistical analysis and comparative evaluation of the characteristics of the immunophenotype and histological pattern of the tumor in the two studied groups showed significant differences regarding several of them: the structure of nuclear crowding (fusion of nuclei), focal hemorrhages, nuclear normochromasia, and positive expression of cytokeratins by tumor cells. The above signs (except for nuclear normochromasia) were the basis for creating a mathematical model capable of predicting the risk of lymphogenous metastases in Ewing sarcoma. Conclusion. The revealed association with lymphogenous metastasis of cytokeratin expression can be considered as indirect confirmation of the pathogenetic significance of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition in the mechanism of lymphogenous metastasis.
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Vasilyev et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Ewing sarcoma (n=88). Extraskeletal origin and specific morphological features (nuclear crowding, focal hemorrhages, cytokeratin expression) vs. Skeletal origin and absence of these morphological features was evaluated on Lymphogenous metastasis (p=<0.05). Extraskeletal origin, nuclear crowding, focal hemorrhages, and positive cytokeratin expression were significantly associated with an increased risk of lymphogenous metastasis in patients with Ewing sarcoma.
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