An hp‐adaptive finite element method for electromagnetics—part II: A 3D implementation

This is the second of papers describing implementations of the hp‐adaptive, mixed finite element (FE) method for the solution of steady‐state Maxwell's equations proposed in Demkowicz and Vardapetyan (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engng. 1998; 152(1–2):103–124). The paper presents a three‐dimensional version of the method based on hexahedral elements of possibly variable order. The elements can be subsected (isotropically or anisotropically), and their orders can be enriched, which allows for non‐uniform distribution of element sizes h and orders p—the hp adaptation. A few numerical examples illustrate the capability of the method.