Plasma parameters of carbon arcs in vacuum have been measured with high temporal and spatial resolution (1 μs and 10 μm, respectively). Near the surface the electron temperature was ≤1 eV. It increased to values of about 10 eV for distances > 10 mm by anomalous heating due to ion sound turbulence. The average electron density varies with the distance r as r-2. Values of about 1025 m-3 have been found at r = 15 μm.
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Иванов et al. (1985) studied this question.
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