Exploring Factors Affecting Health-Related Quality of Life in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Background and Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with lifestyle factors and comorbidities influencing various dimensions of well-being. This study aimed to assess HRQoL and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in CAD patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Rajiv Gandhi Co-operative Multispecialty Hospital, South India, from July 2022 to April 2023, where lifestyle factors were assessed, and HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D-3L. The differences and associations of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with HRQoL were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate regression. Results: A total of 212 CAD patients were included in this study. Female gender and comorbid disease were more likely to be associated with reported problems in mobility (89.7%, 78.8%) and anxiety/depression (97.4%, 92.7%) (p < 0.05). Factors such as age ≥ 50 years, family history of CAD, current smoking, comorbid disease, and a moderate- to high-risk diet significantly influenced anxiety/depression (p < 0.05). Patients with comorbid disease and moderate- to high-risk dietary intake were significantly associated with all five dimensions (p < 0.05). Gender, educational level, alcohol intake, and sleep duration did not show a significant association with all dimensions (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study found that CAD patients undergoing treatment for secondary prevention exhibited inadequate HRQoL, particularly in terms of mental health. Factors such as comorbid disease and moderate- to high-risk dietary intake were significantly associated with reduced HRQoL. Older age, family history of CAD, current smoking habit, comorbid disease, and a moderate- to high-risk diet were significantly associated with anxiety/depression.