Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose

Figures

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  Figure 1. Scu alleviates H9c2 cell injury induced by HG. (A) The effect of Scu on the morphology of H9c2 cells induced by HG (magnification, x40). (B) The effect of Scu on the proliferative activity of H9c2 cells induced by HG. (C) The effect of Scu on the apoptotic rate of H9c2 cells induced by HG; the histogram indicates the proportion of apoptotic and necrotic cells in the Q2 + Q3 region of the quadrant diagram. (D) The effect of Scu on the levels of ROS in H9c2 cells induced by HG; the histogram compares the average fluorescence intensity of each group. The values displayed represent the mean ± standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; HG, high glucose; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ns, not significant.

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  Figure 2. Protein expression levels of apoptosis-related factors determined by western blotting. The protein expression levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-12, Nox2 and Nox4 in H9c2 cells were determined by western blotting. The values displayed represent the mean±standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the model group. Nox, NADPH oxidase; Scu, scutellarin.

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  Figure 3. Protein expression levels of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean ± standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density.

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  Figure 4. Protein expression levels of caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-9 determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-9 in H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean ± standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density; ns, not significant.

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  Figure 5. Protein expression levels of caspase-12 determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of caspase-12 in H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean±standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density; ns, not significant.

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  Figure 6. Protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean±standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density.

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  Figure 7. Protein expression levels of Nox2 and Nox4 determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of Nox2 and Nox4 in H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean±standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; **P<0.01 compared with the model group. Nox, NADPH oxidase; Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density; ns, not significant.

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  Figure 8. APX-115 free base can alleviate H9c2 cell injury induced by HG. (A) The effect of APX-115 free base on the morphology of H9c2 cells induced by HG (magnification, x40). (B) The effect of APX-115 free base on the proliferative activity of H9c2 cells induced by HG. (C) The effect of APX-115 free base on ROS levels in H9c2 cells induced by HG; the histogram compares the average fluorescence intensity of each group. The values displayed represent the mean ± standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. #P<0.05 and ##P<0.01 compared with the control group. HG, high glucose; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ns, not significant.

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  Figure 9. APX-115 free base inhibits Nox overexpression. (A) The protein expression levels of Nox2 and Nox4 were determined in H9c2 cells by western blotting. (B) The protein expression levels of Nox2 and Nox4 in H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean ± standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three independent experiments. #P<0.05 and ##P<0.01 compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the HG group. Nox, NADPH oxidase; HG, high glucose; IOD, integrated optical density.