Key result
Co-infection of aHEV and FAdV-4 in LMH cells inhibited viral replication and significantly upregulated the transcription levels of MDA5, Mx, OASL, and IFN-α.
Why the study?
Single or mixed infections of avian hepatitis E virus and other pathogens occur in laying hens with severe liver injury, leading to speculation that aHEV and immunosuppressive viruses cause co-infections.
Co-infection of aHEV and FAdV-4 in LMH cells demonstrates antagonistic pathogenic effects and altered immune cytokine expression, providing insight into viral counterbalancing in avian liver injury.
May prompt co-infection screening in poultry liver cases; leaves open causal synergy and intervention needs.
Single or mixed infections of multiple pathogens such as avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) have been detected in numerous laying hens with severe liver injury in China. Thus, aHEV and immunosuppressive viruses are speculated to cause co-infections. In this study, co-infection with aHEV and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) was confirmed by nested RT-PCR and recombinase-aided amplification combined with gene sequencing in two flocks with severe liver injury. Subsequently, the two reference strains, aHEV and FAdV-4, were inoculated into LMH cells to identify their co-infection potential. Confocal microscopy revealed aHEV and FAdV-4 co-infected LMH cells. In addition, the replication dynamics of aHEV and FAdV-4 along with the expression levels of immuno-cytokines were measured. The results indicated colocalization of aHEV and FAdV-4 and inhibition of viral replication in LMH cells. The transcription levels of MDA5, Mx, OASL, and IFN-α were significantly upregulated in LMH cells, whereas those of immune-related factors induced by FAdV-4 were downregulated upon FAdV-4 and aHEV co-infection. These results confirmed the co-infection of aHEV and FAdV-4 in vitro and prompted the antagonistic pathogenic effects of FAdV-4 and aHEV, thereby providing novel insights into the counterbalancing effects of these viruses.
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Hou et al. (2023) studied aHEV and FAdV-4 co-infection. aHEV and FAdV-4 co-infection was evaluated on Viral replication dynamics and expression levels of immuno-cytokines. Co-infection of aHEV and FAdV-4 in LMH cells inhibited viral replication and significantly upregulated the transcription levels of MDA5, Mx, OASL, and IFN-α.
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