Abundance and production of ice algae n Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic

Abundance and photosynthetic activity of ice algae in Resolute Passage in the Canadian high Arctic were measured in relation to in situ irradiance throughout the main growth season in 1985 and 1986. A simple model was used to calculate in situ production rates and the theoretical maximum (light limited) size of crops and production rates. Both the observed and the maximum possible crop sizes and production rates varied directly with irradiance over the natural range of snow cover, and crops attained the theoretical maximum imposed by self-shading (77 to 225 mg m-' chlorophyll a under thin snow cover) in both years. Calculated in situ production of ice algae under thin snow cover (S to 23 gC m-2 yr-l) could equal or exceed typical values for Arctic plankton. Comparison against observed biomass accumulation in the ice indicated that as much as 65 % of the production could be exported from the ice during the growth season. Where light was artificially increased by maintaining snow-free areas, observed crops were much less than the theoretical maximum despite the abscence of photosynthetic photoinhibition. Crops reported from some other arctic sites were also much less than their corresponding theoretical maxima. Low irradiance often limits ice algal growth, but our results suggest that losses associated with excessive irradiance and with grazing by amphipods at near-shore sites are additional factors determining algal abundance and production.