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Theoretical analysis reveals a two-loop Lamb shift of 0.175(39) eV in lithiumlike bismuth, highlighting precision tests of bound-state quantum electrodynamics.
The energy levels of lithiumlike bismuth are shown to be accurately described in a representation-independent manner when all diagrams involving one and two photons, with the exception of the two-loop Lamb shift, are evaluated. Comparison with the experimental value of the 2p3/2-2s1/2 splitting then shows that, assuming three-photon effects are negligible, the contribution of the two-loop Lamb shift is 0.175(39) eV.
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Sapirstein et al. (2001) studied this question.
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