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of therapy obtained lower results than both other groups in terms of Goal and higher scores in terms of Existential Void compared to the non-AUD group. No differences were observed in all three study groups as regards self-esteem. Discussion: Patients with AUD from both stages of the therapy programme do not differ in terms of identity, meaning of life and self-esteem. They show greater difficulties concerning the sense of identity (and its dimensions), slight differences in the sense of meaning of life and no differences in selfesteem in comparison with non AUD persons. Conclusions: Patients with AUD who follow the basic AUD therapy programme do not differ in selfimage from those who follow the advanced programme.
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Wojtynkiewicz et al. (2023) studied this question.
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