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Corona effects and a temporary high resistance introduced into the path of the return-stroke current are two factors that contribute to the determination of the velocity of the propagation and surge impedance of the return stroke. Using field theory concepts it is estimated that the surge impedance of the stroke is about 3,000 ohms. This quantity is of value in estimating the length of the last step and wave front of the stroke current.
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Wagner et al. (1961) studied this question.
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