The Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness, and Lifestyle Appraisal (CPAFLA) is used as a measure for the health-related fitness of the general population. The CPAFLA includes an evaluation of back health, which is comprised of abdominal muscular endurance (partial curl-ups) and trunk flexion (sit and reach). This paper reviews the occupational, lifestyle, and physical risks associated with back pain and examines the measurement techniques used to assess health-related fitness components of back health in fitness assessments, such as the CPAFLA. Recommendations for future revisions of the CPACFLA's back health assessment and future research needs are presented.
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Albert et al. (2001) studied this question.