Why the study?
What are the instantaneous pressure-flow relationships across secundum atrial septal defects during the cardiac cycle?
Population
Patients with secundum atrial septal defects
Design
Other
Authors
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Maps precise bidirectional shunting timing in secundum ASD; hypothesis-generating without immediate clinical implications.
What are the instantaneous pressure-flow relationships across secundum atrial septal defects during the cardiac cycle?
This physiological study characterizes the precise timing of bidirectional shunting across secundum atrial septal defects during the cardiac cycle and the influence of respiration.
Levin et al. (1968) studied this question.
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