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Quantitative estimation of friction losses in the initial design stage of an automobile engine is a crucial issue that determines the fuel economy and performance of the automobile. However, measurements and mathematical treatments of friction losses were difficult, and practical estimation methods were scarce. This study was carried out due to such circumstances, with emphasis placed on the analysis of mechanism of friction losses of the piston system, and the introduction of practical equations for calculation of those friction losses.
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Hoshi et al. (1986) studied this question.
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