Frontal EEG Changes with the Recovery of Carotid Blood Flow in a Cardiac Arrest Swine Model

Figures

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  Figure 1. Experimental setup: (a) LUCAS2 chest compression system installed on the chest of animals; (b) A single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) device mounted on the forehead.

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  Figure 2. The entire test scenario: (a) flow chart from surgical procedure to basic life support (BLS), advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS), and termination; (b) brief timeline of the test protocol.

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  Figure 3. Comparison of EEG over time between return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and non-ROSC cases: (a) EEG waveforms obtained from animals with successful defibrillation after fourth BLS session and sustained ROSC confirmed after follow-up monitoring for 20 min (Test 6); (b) EEG waveforms obtained from animals in which ROSC was not achieved until the end of experiment (Test 5). Dashed lines denote the level of ±5 µV, the limits of the isoelectric state.

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  Figure 4. Scatter plots between EEG parameters and the recovery of CBF. Correlation coefficients were denoted above the plots: (a) magnitude; (b) log energy entropy; (c) Rényi entropy.

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  Figure 5. Results of one-way ANOVA: (a) magnitude; (b) log energy entropy; (c) Rényi entropy. Asterisk (*) denotes statistical significance at the p < 0.001 level. Error bars indicate the upper and lower extreme values of the data.

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  Figure 6. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (blue) for three EEG parameters: (a) magnitude; (b) log energy entropy; (c) Rényi entropy. Red dots indicate the optimal cut-off points, and the diagonal lines (green) indicate random chance.